Please see Manufacturing Industries Exam Questions Class 10 Social Science below. These important questions with solutions have been prepared based on the latest examination guidelines and syllabus issued by CBSE, NCERT, and KVS. We have provided Class 10 Social Science Questions and answers for all chapters in your NCERT Book for Class 10 Social Science. These solved problems for Manufacturing Industries in Class 10 Social Science will help you to score more marks in upcoming examinations.
Exam Questions Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Social Science
Objective Type Questions
Question. Arrange the following in correct sequence
(i) Transporting cloth to the workshops
(ii) Sale in shops and showrooms
(iii) Spinning the yarn
(iv) Weaving of the fabric
Options:
(a) (i) – (iv) – (iii) – (ii)
(b) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (ii)
(c) (iv) – (i) – (ii) – (iii)
(d) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (i)
Answer : (b) (iii) – (iv) – (ii) – (ii)
Question. Sugar: Consumer industry, BHEL: Public sector industry, _____________ : Joint sector industry
(a) Toothpaste
(b) Coir
(c) Tisco
(d) Oil
Answer : (d) Oil
Question. Powerlooms came into use after–
(a) 17th century
(b) 18th century
(c) 19th century
(d) 20th century
Answer : (b) 18th century
Question. Which of the following regions has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries?
(a) Chhotanagpur Plateau
(b) Deccan Plateau
(c) Malwa Plateau
(d) The Central Highland
Answer : (a) Chhotanagpur Plateau
Question. Which one of the following is a private sector industry?
(a) BHEL
(b) SAIL
(c) TISCO
(d) OIL
Answer : (c) TISCO
Question. Which of the following industries are based on agricultural raw materials?
(a) Silk or woollen textiles
(b) Sugar, cotton and jute
(c) Sugar and edible oil
(d) All of these
Answer : (d) All of these
Question. ______________ and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of the country’s development.
Answer : Production
Question. India has the ______________ largest installed capacity of spindles in the world.
Answer : second
Question. ______________ industry is used for manufacturing aircrafts, utensils and wires.
Answer : Aluminium smelting
Question. _____________ of water occurs when hot water from factories is drained into water sources before cooling.
Answer : Thermal pollution
Question. ______________ is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and stands at second place as an exporter after Bangladesh.
Answer : India
Question. In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): The iron and steel industry is the basic industry.
Reason (R): All the other industries such as heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery.
Options:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question. Identify the industry with the help of the following features.
• The industry has close links with agriculture.
• It provides a living to farmers.
• It creates demands that support many other industries such as chemical and dyes, packaging materials.
Answer : Cotton Textile Industry
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question. When was the first textile mill established in India?
Answer : The first textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
Question. What is NTPC?
Answer : NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a major power providing corporation in India.
Question. How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?
Answer : Cement industry is responsible for land degradation because the mineral processing like grinding to limestone for this industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere.
Question. What are the problems of cotton textile industry in India?
Answer : (i) Power supply is erratic.
(ii) Low output of labour and stiff competition with the synthetic fibre industry, are other problems of the textile industry in our country. The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata at Rishra in 1855.
Question. What factor has opened the opportunity for jute products?
Answer : The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.
Question. Suggest any one way to promote jute textile industry in India.
Answer : To increase the demand and market for jute and jute textile as well as jute-allied products research has been initiated so that besides the traditional jute bags, ropes, gunny bags etc new products are made e.g.,paper, jute textile, carpet, decorative items, etc.
Question. What is the ideal location of an industry?
Answer : Ideal location of an industry depends upon (i) Cost of obtaining raw materials at site. (ii) Cost of production at site (iii) Cost of distribution of production (iv) Decision to locate factory at site.
Question. Why has the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council been set up?
Answer : The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with the objective of appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity.
Question. What does the electronics industry consist of?
Answer : The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry.
Question. What is water pollution?
Answer : Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers and other water bodies.
Question. Which industries cause the water pollution?
Answer : Paper, paper pulp chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, electroplating industries, detergents, acids, salts, pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals etc.
Question. Which city has emerged as the electronic capital of India?
Answer : Bengaluru.
Question. What is agglomeration economies?
Answer : Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.
Question. Where was the most manufacturing units located in the pre-Independence period?
Answer : In the pre-Independence period, most of the manufacturing units were located in places from the point of view of overseas trade.
Question. Give some examples of manufacturing.
Answer : Paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite.
Question. Which sector is considered to be the backbone of development?
Answer : Manufacturing sector.
Question. What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer : Industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacture other goods are known as basic industries. Iron and steel, copper smelting and aluminium industry are examples of this industry.
Question. Which cottage industry provides large scale employment to weavers?
Answer : The handspun khadi provides large scale employment to weavers in their homes as a cottage industry.
Question. How does the thermal pollution of water occur?
Answer : Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal power plants is drained into water bodies before cooling.
Question. Name the countries to whom India exports yarn and other cotton goods.
Answer : India exports yarn to Japan and other cotton goods to USA, UK, Russia, France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka and African countries.
Question. What are consumer industries? Give an example. Define small scale industry.
Answer : Industries that produce goods which are directly used by consumers are known as consumer industries e.g. sugar, toothpaste, paper, fans, sewing machines, etc.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. What challenges are faced by the jute textile industries in India? Mention the main objectives of National Jute Policy, 2005.
OR
Explain any two main challenges faced by the jute industry in India. Explain any three objectives of National Jute Policy.
Answer : (i) Jute industry is facing stiff competition in the market from synthetic substitutes.
(ii) Most of the machinery in jute industry are old and hence the output of labourers is very low.
(iii) Jute industry is facing stiff competition in the international market from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
(iv) In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity,improving quality, ensuring good prices and enhancing the yield per hectare.
Question. What are the causes of soil pollution?
Answer : (i) Soil and water pollution are closely related.
(ii) Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage makes the soil useless.
(iii) Rainwater percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the groundwater also gets contaminated.
Question. What are cooperative sector industries? How do they work? Clarify.
Answer : (i) Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.
(ii) They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately.
(iii) The sugar industry in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of cooperative sector industry.
Question. What are the major drawbacks for the cotton textile industry in India? OR
Describe any three major problems faced by cotton textile industry in India.
Answer : (i) The weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country.
(ii) Erratic power supply, outdated machinery and low output of labour.
(iii) There are some large and modern factories in these segments, but most of the production is in fragmented small units, which cater to the local market.
(iv) As a result, many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufacturers have to import fabric. This mismatch is a major drawback for the textile industry in India.
Question. What are the causes of noise pollution and its impact on human being?
Answer : (i) Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.
(ii) Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills make a lot of noise.
(iii) Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among human beings.
Question. What are the contribution of industry to national economy?
Answer : (i) Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent.
(ii) Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum.
(iii) With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.
Question. “Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries.” Why?
OR
Why do we have maximum concentration of iron and steel industry in Chhotanagpur plateau region?
Give any three regions. OR
Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chhotanagpur region.
Answer : (i) It is largely because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of iron and steel industry.
(ii) These include low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity has encouraged the concentration of iron and steel industries in this region.
(iii) Availability of cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market has helped in the concentration of this industry.
Question. Why do the iron and steel industry mostly not able to perform their potential?
Answer : The iron and steel industries not able to perform their potential due to—
(a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal
(b) Lower productivity of labour
(c) Irregular supply of energy
(d) Poor infrastructure
Question. Consequence of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Justify the statement.
Answer : Consequence of environment degradation do not respect national or state boundaries. Increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise resulting degradation of environmental due to rapid industralisation. Environmental degradation affects plants and wildlife and micro-organisms. When industries release harmful chemicals and toxic, humans suffer. Humans are killing our planet Earth and its consequences are tremendous.
Question. Give reasons for decentralisation of weaving of textile industry in India.
Answer : (i) Weaving is done by handloom, powerloom and in mills.
(ii) In India, weaving is higly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc.
(iii) India has worldclass production in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric as it cannot use much of the high quality yarn produced in the country.
Question. Explain any five factors affecting the location of a industry.
Answer : The factors affecting the location of an industry:
(i) Availability of raw material,
(ii) Availability of cheap labour,
(iii) Availability of capital and bank facilities,
(iv) Availability of power and other infrastructure,
(v) Availability of adequate and swift means of transport,
(vi) Proximity to markets
Question. “Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement.
Answer : (i) After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes industries are located in or near the cities. Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.
(ii) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice. etc. to the industry.
(iii) Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies.
Question. What is the contribution of textile industry in the Indian economy?
Answer : (i) Textile industry contributes 14 per cent industrial production, 35 million persons directly employed in the industry, it earns about 24.6 per cent of foreign exchange.
(ii) It contributes 4 per cent towards GDP.
(iii) It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value-added products.
Question. What is the importance of automobile industry in India? Examine the impact of liberalisation on it.
OR
Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India? Name two centres where this industry is located.
Answer : (i) Automobiles provide vehicles for quick transport of goods and passengers.
(ii) Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three wheelers and multi utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres.
(iii) After the liberalisation, the introduction of new and contemporary models of vehicles stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market, which led to the growth of the industry including passenger cars, two and three wheelers.
(iv) This industry had experienced a quantum jump in less than 15 years.
(v) Foreign Direct Investment brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments. The two centres of automobile industry are Jamshedpur and Gurgaon.
Question. Classify industries on the basis of the source of raw materials. How are they different from each other?
Answer : On the basis of source of raw materials used are as follows:
(i) Agro-based industry: Industry which obtained raw materials from agriculture are known as agro-based Industry. Examples are—Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar
(ii) Mineral-based industry: Industries which obtained raw materials from minerals are known as mineral-based industry. Examples are—Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petro-chemicals, etc.
Question. How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced? Explain in brief.
Answer : (i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
(ii) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and other water bodies.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy
Answer : The role of chemical industry in the Indian economy are:
(i) It is fast growing and diversifying industry and contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP.
(ii) It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size.
(iii) It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units.
(iv) Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors.
(v) Organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibers, rubber, plastics, and dye stuffs.
(vi) Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, adhesives, paints, etc.
(vii) This industry is its own largest consumer.
Question. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industry.” Justify the statement.
OR
“The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.” Support the statement with arguments.
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. This statement can be justified in the following points:
(i) Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular.
(ii) Manufacturing industry not only help in modernising agriculture, they also reduce the dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs.
(iii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in backward areas.
(iv) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(v) Indian’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.
Question. Describe any five factors responsible for the concentration of jute mills along the banks of the Hugli river.
Evaluate the factors which are responsible for the location of jute industry in West Bengal.
Or
Answer : Factors responsible for the location of jute mills in the Hugli basin are as follows:
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas.
(ii) Inexpensive water transport, supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
(iii) Abundant water from Hugli river for processing raw jute.
(iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and neighbouring states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh is available.
(v) Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
Question. Which industry is seasonal in nature? Why are sugar mills shifting and concentrating in the southern and western states of India? State the major challenges of the sugar industry in India.
Answer : Sugar industry is seasonal in nature. The sugar mills shifting and concentrating in the southern and
western states of India due to:
(i) The sugarcane produced in the southern and western states has a higher sucrose content.
(ii) The moderate climatic conditions also ensures a longer crushing season.
(iii) Most of the sugar mills are run by the cooperatives which are more successful in these states.
Major Challenges:
(i) The seasonal nature of the industry.
(ii) Old machinery and inefficient methods of production.
(iii) Transport delay in reaching sugarcane to factories.
(iv) There is a need to maximise the use of biogases.
Question. Classify industry on the basis of ownership and classify with suitable examples.
OR
Classify the industries on the basis of ownership and give one example of each category.
Answer : On the basis of ownership, industry can be classified into the following categories.
(i) Public sector: It is owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, etc.
(ii) Private sector: It is owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. e.g. TISCO, Reliance, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector: Industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals as a joint venture are in joint sector. Oil India Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd. are examples of this type of industry.
(iv) Cooperative Sector: This type of industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. The sugar industries in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of this type of industry.
Question. What is manufacturing sector? Describe four types of manufacturing sector on the basis of ownership.
Answer : Manufacturing sector—
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
Four types of manufacturing sector—
(i) Public sector: It is owned and operated by government agencies e.g. BHEL, SAIL, NTPC, etc.
(ii) Private sector: It is owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. e.g. TISCO, Reliance, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector: Industries which are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals as a joint venture are in joint sector. Oil India Ltd, Maruti Udyog Ltd. are examples of this type of industry.
(iv) Cooperative Sector: This type of industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. They pool their resources and share the profits or losses proportionately. The sugar industries in Maharashtra and the coir industry in Kerala are good examples of this type of industry.
Question. Explain the processes of manufacturing of steel?
Answer : (i) Transport all raw materials i.e. iron ore, coking coal, limestone, manganese to the plant.
(ii) In blast furnace, iron ore is melted. Limestone is fluxing material which is added, slag is removed, coke is burnt to heat the ore.
(iii) Molten materials poured into moulds called pigs.
(iv) Pig iron is further purified by melting and oxidising the impurities. Manganese, nickel, chromium are added.
(v) For shaping metal, rolling, pressing, casting and forging are done.
Question. Explain five types of industrial pollution.
Answer : Undoubtedly, the rapid growth in industries has led to considerable economic growth but it has also led to the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise eventually resulting in degradation of environment.
Industries are responsible for five types of pollution:
(i) Air pollution: Presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in the air is very dangerous. Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories that ignore pollution norms. Toxic gas leaks can be very hazardous with long-term effects. It adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
(ii) Water pollution: Organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents are discharged into rivers. They make the river water polluted. The main industries that are responsible for it includes paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.
(iii) Thermal pollution: It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(iv) Land pollution: Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage makes the land unfertile. Rainwater takes the pollutants deep to the ground thus contaminating the groundwater.
(v) Noise pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, electric drills, etc. cause a lot of noise pollution. Noise pollution causes irritation and anger. It can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart-beat and blood pressure.
Question. Why does the textile industry occupy a unique position in the Indian economy?
Answer : (i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production, i.e. about 14%.
(ii) Wide market and the availability of transport, banking and electricity facilities in almost all parts of the country have led to the spread of textile mills in different areas of the country.
(iii) It is the only industry in India which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products.
(iv) Textile industry is a labour intensive industry, so a large number of people are employed in different stages of its working such as weeding, spinning, leaving, dyeing, designing, printing, tailoring and sewing.
(v) The textile industry not only employs lot of people but also provides a huge amount to country. In
rural areas the handloom industry is doing its work while in the urban areas the textile mills and
factories work day and night.
Question. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Answer : The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because:
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sector.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country.
(iii) It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backwards areas.
(iv) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(v) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous.
Case Based Questions
Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option.
Chhotanagpur plateau region has the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries. It is largely, because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry. These include, low cost of iron ore, high grade raw materials in proximity, cheap labour and vast growth potential in the home market. Though, India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to: (a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal (b) Lower productivity of labour (c) Irregular supply of energy and (d) Poor infrastructure.
(i) Which among the following is best suited title for the passage?
(a) Concentration of Iron and Steel Industries
(b) Concentration of Cheap Labour
(c) Potential of Mineral Ore
(d) Potential of Energy Resources
Answer : (a) Concentration of Iron and Steel Industries
(ii) On the basis of above passage identify the location of iron and steel plants from the following options–
(Image 110)
Choose the correct option.
(a) a–1, b–2, c–3, d–4
(b) a–2, b–3, c–4, d–1
(c) a–4, b–1, c–2, d–3
(d) a–4, b–2, c–1, d–3
Answer : (a) a–1, b–2, c–3, d–4
(iii) Where are most of the iron and steel industries located because of its availability of resources?
Answer : Chhotanagapur plateau ragion
(iv) The iron and steel industries are not able to perform their potential. Why?
Answer : The Iron and Steel industries are not able to perform their potential due to high cost and limited availability of labour, lower productivity of labour, and irregular supply of energy.
Question. Read the source given below and answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate option.
Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of a total of 27 per cent for the industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 per cent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 per cent per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 per cent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum. With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.
(i) If we classify the various industries based on a particular criterion then we would be able to understand their manufacturing better. Identify the industries on the basis of sources–
Choose the correct option.
(a) a–1, b–2, c–3, d–4
(b) a–3, b–4, c–2, d–1
(c) a–1, b–4, c–2, d–3
(d) a–2, b–4, c–3, d–1
Answer : (b) a–3, b–4, c–2, d–1
(ii) Which of the following statements is correct about NMCC?
(a) It was set up as a part of its Common Minimum Programme.
(b) It was established as an autonomous organisation.
(c) Its objective to improve manufacturing productivity.
(d) All of the above
Answer : (b) It was established as an autonomous organisation.
(iii) At what per cent of GDP has the share of manufacturing sector stagnated out of total 27 per cent?
Answer : 17 per cent
(iv) In which year has the National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) been set up?
Answer : 2004
