MCQ Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Application Class 12 Biology

Please refer to Biotechnology and its Application MCQ Questions Class 12 Biology below. These MCQ questions for Class 12 Biology with answers have been designed as per the latest NCERT, CBSE books, and syllabus issued for the current academic year. These objective questions for Biotechnology and its Application will help you to prepare for the exams and get more marks.

Biotechnology and its Application MCQ Questions Class 12 Biology

Please see solved MCQ Questions for Biotechnology and its Application in Class 12 Biology. All questions and answers have been prepared by expert faculty of standard 12 based on the latest examination guidelines.

MCQ Questions Class 12 Biology Biotechnology and its Application

Question-  Which of the following Bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?
(a) Cotton
(b) Brinjal
(c) Soyabean
(d) Maize

Question- The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India has been developed for
(a) insect-resistance
(b) enhancing shelf life
(c) enhancing mineral content
(d) drought-resistance

Question- Cry protein is obtained from
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Bacillus subtilis
(c) Clostridium welchi
(d) E. coli

Question- The genetic defect, adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by
(a) administering adenosine deaminase through injection
(b) bone marrow transplantation
(c) enzyme replacement therapy
(d) introducing isolated gene from marrow cells producing ADA into the cells at early embryonic stages

Question- Cry-genes have been introduced in
(a) cotton and corn
(b) rice
(c) potato and soyabean
(d) all of the above

Question- Which variety of rice was patented by a U.S. company even though the highest number of varieties of this rice is found in India ?
(a) Sharbati Sonara
(b) Co-667
(c) Basmati
(d) Lerma Roja

Question- C-peptide of human insulin is
(a) a part of mature insulin molecule.
(b) responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.
(c) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
(d) responsible for its biological activity.

Question- A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is
(a) golden rice
(b) Bt soyabean
(c) flavr – savr tomato
(d) starlink maize

Question- E. coli are used in production of
(a) rifampicin
(b) LH
(c) ecdysone
(d) interferon

Question- The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4 years old girl with enzyme deficiency of
(a) adenosine deaminase (ADA)
(b) tyrosine oxidase
(c) monamine oxidase
(d) glutamate dehydrogenase

Question- The site of production of ADA in the body is
(a) bone marrow
(b) lymphocytes
(c) blood plasma
(d) monocytes

Question- Which of the following statement is correct about Bt toxin ?
(a) Bt protein exists as active toxin in the Bacillus.
(b) The activated toxin enters the ovaries of the pest to sterilize it and thus prevent its multiplication.
(c) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
(d) The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form in the insect gut.

Question- Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using
(a) restriction enzymes
(b) cloning vectors
(c) DNA probes
(d) gene targets

Question- Which of the following statements (i – v) is/are incorrect ?
(i) Recombinant DNA technology is used to improve crop plants by increasing their productivity, by making them more nutritious and by developing disease resistant.
(ii) Bt cotton is resistant to bollworm infestation.
(iii) Bacillus thuringiensis can form cry protein during any phase of their growth.
(iv) Bacillus thuringiensis is not harmed by self cry protein because of its occurrence as protoxin (inactive).
(v) Protoxin cry protein is changed into active cry protein in the stomach of insects due to alkaline pH in stomach.
(a) Only (iii)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) All of these
(d) None of these

Question- Today, transgenic models exist for many human diseases which includes
(i) Cancer (ii) Cystic fibrosis
(iii) Rheumatoid arthritis (iv) Alzhiemer’s disease
(a) (i) and (iii) only
(b) (ii) and (iii) only
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(d) all of these

Question- Which one of the following statement(s) is/are correct about Genetic Engineering Approval committee (GEAC) ?
(a) It will make decision regarding the validity of GM research.
(b) It will make the safety of introducing GM – organism for public services.
(c) Its genetic modification of organism can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian government has set up organisation such as GEAC.
(d) All of the above

Question- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel
(a) bio-fertilizers
(b) bio-metallurgical techniques
(c) bio-mineralization processes
(d) bio-insecticidal plants

Question- Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of
(a) fish
(b) mice
(c) cow
(d) pig

Question- Transgenic plants are the ones
(a) generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.
(b) produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium.
(c) grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field.
(d) produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium.

Question- Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been developed by the introduction of DNA that produced (in the host cells)
(a) both sense and anti-sense RNA.
(b) a particular hormone.
(c) an antifeedant.
(d) a toxic protein.

Question- Biopiracy is related to
(a) bioresearches
(b) traditional knowledge
(c) biomolecules and genes discovered
(d) all of the above

Question- Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organism ?
(a) Recombinant DNA techniques
(b) X-ray diffraction
(c) Heavier isotope labelling
(d) Hybridization

Question- Bt toxin is harmful to insects like
(a) lepidoterans (tobacco budworm, armyworms)
(b) coleopterans (beetles)
(c) dipterans (flies and mosquito)
(d) all of the above

Question- The use of bioresources by multinational companies and other organizations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment is called
(a) bioethics
(b) biopiracy
(c) bioterror
(d) bioweapon

Question- Which step of Government of India has taken to cater requirement of patent terms and other emergency provisions in this regard ?
(a) Biopiracy act
(b) Indian patents bill
(c) RTI act
(d) Negotiable instruments act

Question- The protein a-1 antitrypsin is used to treat the
(a) cancer
(b) rheumatoid arthritis
(c) Alzheimer’s disease
(d) emphysema

Question- Find out the incorrect statement.
(a) Human protein used to treat emphysema is a-1 antitrypsin.
(b) Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
(c) Rosie, the first transgenic cow, produced human protein enriched milk.
(d) Cry I Ab endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.

Question- Match the items given in column – I with those in column – II and choose the correct option.
Column – I                                   Column – II
A. GMO                                 I. Increased shelf life
B. Flavr – Savr tomato         II. Bioresources
C. Biopiracy                         III. rDNA
D. E.coli                                IV. Insulin
(a) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV
(b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III

Question- Which one of the following statement is correct?
(a) The proteins encoded by the genes cry I Ac and cry II Ab control cotton bollworms.
(b) Protein encoded by cry I Ab controls corn borer.
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Proteins encoded by cryI Ac and cry I Ab control flies.

Question- Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) The procedure for chemical safety testing / toxicity is the same as that used for testing toxicity of drugs.
(b) Transgenic animals are more sensitive to the toxic substances than non-transgenic animals.
(c) Golden rice, a genetically engineered rice has high vitamin A (retinol) content.
(d) All of the above

Question- How many varieties of rice has been estimated to be present in India?
(a) 2,000
(b) 20,000
(c) 200,000
(d) 2,000,000

Question- Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) The current interest in the manipulation of microbes, plants and animal has raised serious ethical issues.
(b) One possible risk of genetic engineering is the accidental production of dangerously resistant microorganisms.
(c) Although risks are possible, genetic engineering appears to offer more of contribution to human welfare than threats.
(d) All of the above

Question- In some children, ADA deficiency can be cured by
(a) bone marrow transplantation
(b) enzyme replacement therapy
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of the above

Question- Select the correct statement.
(a) Genetic engineering works only on animals and has not yet been successfully used on plants.
(b) There are no risks associated with DNA technology.
(c) The first step in PCR is heat which is used to separate both the strands of target DNA.
(d) DNA from one organism will not bond to DNA from another animal.

Question-Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency?
(a) ‘Flavr Savr’ tomato
(b) Canolla
(c) Golden rice
(d) Bt-Brinjal

Question- Read the following four statements (i-iv) and answer the question ?
(i) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactal albumin enriched.
(ii) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macro-molecules.
(iii) Downstream processing is one of the steps of RDNA technology.
(iv) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of R-DNA into the host.
Which are the two statements having mistakes?
(a) (ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)

Question- The transgenic animals are those which have
(a) foreign DNA in some cells.
(b) foreign DNA in all of their cells.
(c) foreign RNA in all of their cells.
(d) both (a) and (c)

Question- Which of the following statement(s) is/are incorrect?
(i) Insulin was originally extracted from pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle.
(ii) Animal insulin is difficult to obtain.
(iii) Animal insulin is identical to human insulin.
(iv) Non-human insulin caused some patients to develop allergy.
(v) Recombinant insulin is actually obtained from E. coli in bacterial cell.
(a) Only (i) and (ii)
(b) Only (iii) and (iv)
(c) Only (iii)
(d) Only (v)

Question- Which of the following is a correct statement?
(a) “Bt” in Bt-cotton indicates that it is genetically modified organism produced through biotechnology.
(b) Somatic hybridization involves fusion of two complete plant cells carrying desired genes.
(c) The anticoagulant hirudin is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seeds.
(d) “Flavr Savr” variety of tomato has enriched the production of ethylene which improves its taste.

Question- Transgenic animals are produced
(i) to study how genes are regulated and how they affect the normal functions of body and its development.
(ii) to study diseases.
(iii) to obtain useful biological products .
(iv) to test vaccine safety and chemical safety.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (i) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) Only (i)

Question- RNA interference (RNAi) technique has been devised to protect the plants from nematode is silenced by ______ produced by the host plant.
(a) dsDNA
(b) ssDNA
(c) dsRNA
(d) target proteins

Question- The first human drug made using recombinant DNA technology was
(a) glyphosatase
(b) TPA
(c) insulin
(d) erythropoietin

Question- The given statements are the steps in one type of gene therapy.
(i) Inject engineered cells into patients bone marrow.
(ii) Viral DNA carring the normal allele inserts into chromosome.
(iii) Let retrovirus infect bone marrow cells that have removed from patient and cultured.
(iv) Insert RNA version of normal allele into retrovirus.
The correct sequence is
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (iv), (iii), (ii) and (i)
(c) (i), (ii), (iv) and (iii)
(d) (iv), (iii), (i) and (ii)

Question- GEAC stands for
(a) Genome Engineering Action Committee
(b) Ground Environment Action Committee
(c) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(d) Genetic and Environment Approval Committee

Question- Read the following statements and choose the correct statements.
(i) Gene therapy has been tested on a large number of patients with a wider variety of inherited genetic disorders, and in numerous cases it has produced a complete cure.
(ii) Genetic engineering has been used to produce insulin for curing the diabetes.
(iii) DNA hybridization is the base pairing of DNA from two different sources.
(iv) Genetic engineering is a technique of plant breeding.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) All of these

Question- Match column-I with column-II and identify the correct option.
Column – I                           Column – II
A. Gene therapy               I. Rhizobium
B. Biofertilizer                 II. Cry gene
C. Bt cotton                    III. SCID
D. Humulin                      IV. Diabetes
(a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
(b) A – III; B – I; C – II; D – IV
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III

Question- DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ___________ .
(a) vector
(b) probe
(c) clone
(d) plasmid

Question- Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct option.
Column – I                         Column – II
A. Golden Rice                  I. Cry protein
B. Bt toxin                        II. Rich in vitamin A
C. RNAi                             III. First trangenic cow
D. Rosie                            IV. Gene silencing
(a) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
(b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III

Question- Transgenic animals has been successfully used for producing
(a) transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans.
(b) transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases.
(c) transgenic cow – rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee.
(d) animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power.

Question- When a patient with defective ADA was treated, which of the following steps was performed for gene therapy?
(i) Lymphocytes were obtained from the patients.
(ii) Lymphocytes are transferred to culture dishes.
(iii) Lymphocytes were transfected with normal ADA genes.
(iv) The transfected cells are returned to the patients.
(a) All of these
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) Only (iv)
(d) SCID cannot be treated

Question- Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to
(a) bollworms
(b) nematodes
(c) white rusts
(d) bacterial blights

Question- Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given below :
Column – I                                       Column – II
A. Escherichia coli                            I. nif gene
B. Bacillus thuringiensis                  II. Interferon
C. Rhizobium meliloti                      III. Bt toxin
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens       IV. Vector
(a) A – II; B – I; C – (IV); D – III
(b) A – II; B – I; C – (III); D – IV
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
(d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III

Question- Which of these is used as vector in gene therapy for SCID?
(a) Arbovirus
(b) Rotavirus
(c) Retrovirus
(d) Parvovirus

Question-Bt toxin kill the larvae of certain insects
(a) by binding of activated toxin on mid gut epithelial cells, creating pores, leading to swelling and lysis.
(b) by stopping transcription of larval cells.
(c) by altering central dogma taking place in the cells of gut of larva.
(d) by stopping protein synthesis.

Question. Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?               
(a) Nicotine
(b) Morphine
(c) Quinine
(d) Insulin

Question. Which of the following is true for Golden rice?               
(a) It has yellow grains, because of a gene introduced from a primitive variety of rice.
(b) It is vitamin A enriched, with a gene from daffodil.
(c) It is pest resistant, with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.
(d) It is drought tolerant, developed using Agrobacterium vector.

Question. cryIIAb and cryIAb produce toxins that control               
(a) cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively
(b) corn borer and cotton bollworms respectively
(c) tobacco budworms and nematodes respectively
(d) nematodes and tobacco budworms respectively

Question. Which one of the following is not a GMO?               
(a) Bt brinjal
(b) Golden rice
(c) Tracy
(d) Dolly

Question. Read the following four statements (A-D) about certain mistakes in two of them.               
(A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie produced milk which was human alpha-lactalbumin enriched.
(B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macromolecules.
(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of rDNA technology.
(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of rDNA into the host.
Which of the two statements have mistakes?
(a) B and C
(b) C and D
(c) A and C
(d) A and B

Question. Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?   
(a) Retrovirus
(b) Ti plasmid
(c) l phage
(d) pBR322

Question. The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology is     
(a) insulin
(b) estrogen
(c) thyroxin
(d) progesterone.

Question. The 51 amino acids of insulin are arranged in               
(a) single polypeptide
(b) two polypeptides, having 21 and 30 amino acids in chain A and B respectively
(c) two polypeptides having 25 and 26 amino acids
(d) two polypeptides having 18 and 33 amino acids.

Question. How many recombinant therapeutics have been used for human diseases throughout the world?               
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 30
(d) 56

Question. Which one of the following vectors is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?     
(a) Adenovirus
(b) Cosmid
(c) Ri plasmid
(d) Ti plasmid

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Directions : In the following questions a statement of assertion (a) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(a) Both assertion (a) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (a).
(b) Both assertion (a) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (a).
(c) Assertion (a) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (a) is false but reason (R) is true.

Question. Assertion (a) : Western ghats of India are one of the hot-spots of biodiversity.
Reason (R) : Western ghats have greater amphibian diversity than eastern ghats.
Answer : (b)

Question. Assertion (a) : Biologists are not sure about total number of prokaryotic species
Reason (R) : Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from India
Answer : (c)

Question. Assertion (a) : Sacred groves are highly protected.
Reason (R) : They are of religious importance to the communities.
Answer : (a)

Question. Assertion (a) : There is more species biodiversity in tropical latitudes than in temperate ones.
Reason (R) : Tropical environments, unlike temperate ones, are less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable.
Answer : (a)

Question. Assertion (a) : Process of extinction is random and fast.
Reason (R) : Any species which can not adapt itself according to the environment, it cannot survive.
Answer : (d)

Question. Assertion (a) : Loss of habitat is the main cause of loss of biodiversity.
Reason (R) : This causes the increase in edge area and reduction in core area.
Answer : (c)

Question. Assertion (a) : Biodiversity means diversity at species level.
Reason (R) : Biodiversity is a diversity not only at species level but at all levels of biological organization.
Answer : (d)

Question. Assertion (a) : Biosphere reserves are also included under the ex-situ conservation strategies.
Reason (R) : Cropping and grazing are allowed in the transition zone of biosphere reserve.
Answer : (d)

Question. Assertion (a) : Many species like Stellar’s sea cow, passenger pigeon, etc., became extinct due to over exploitation.
Reason(R) : Over exploitation is a major cause of biodiversity loss.
Answer : (b)

Question. Assertion (a) : Percentage of animals is more than the percentage of plants.
Reason (R) : 70% of all the species are animals, while plants contribute nearly 22% of the total.
Answer : (a)